Spoken Language terminology.

1) Accent

How different cultures say words differently, for example:

Some people say book (B-ook) and some people say book (Boo-k)

2) Dialect

Dialect is someone's accent coming through when talking in a speech/interview or just talking normal like George W Bush in the Irish Interview he uses y'know 

3) Adjacency Pairs 

These are simple polite conversation starters, for example:

"Hey, how are you?"

4) Back Channel features

These are simple responses like "yeah okay" 

5) Diexis 

This is mentioning something without using words like, for example: 

That and it

6) Elision

These are two words that are put together by using the speakers accent:

Want + To = Wanna 

7) Ellipses 

This is where the speaker misses out words but the listener can still understand what the speaker is trying to say due to the context of the conversation. It still makes sense to the listener but it is a more casual way of speaking.

8) False starts 

This is where the speaker starts his or her sentence but then changes his or her mind, for example:

I like it... I love it

9) Fillers 

This is where a speaker fills their sentence when they don't know what to say. Examples of fillers are: Erm, Um and Er

10) Fluency 

This is where you can speak clearly and straight forward without using fillers, false starts and ellipses'.